Elita.uz - Elektron Ilmiy Jurnal
type: channel
description: "Elita.uz" - bu O'zbekistonda 2021-yildan beri faoliyat yuritayotgan elektron ilmiy jurnal hisoblanadi. Jurnal oyiga 2 marta chop etiladi. "Elita.uz" jurnali quyidagi ixtisosliklar bo'yicha ilmiy maqolalarni chop etish uchun mo'ljallangan: - 12.00.00 - "Yurisprudensiya" - 05.00.00 - "Texnika fanlari" - 07.00.00 - "Tarix fanlari" - 08.00.00 - "Iqtisodiyot fanlari" - 09.00.00 - "Falsafa fanlari" - 10.00.00 - "Filologiya fanlari" - 13.00.00 - "Pedagogika fanlari" - 19.00.00 - "Psixologiya fanlari" Ushbu ixtisosliklar bo'yicha tayyorlangan ilmiy tadqiqot natijalari "Elita.uz" jurnalida e'lon qilinishi mumkin. Jurnal ko'p tilli bo'lib, unda o'zbek, rus va ingliz tillaridagi maqolalar chop etiladi. Bu esa xalqaro hamkorlikni rivojlantirish va ilmiy yutuqlarni keng doirada targ'ib qilishga yordam beradi. "Elita.uz" elektron jurnali O'zbekistonda yurisprudensiya, texnika, tarix, iqtisodiyot, falsafa, filologiya, pedagogika va psixologiya sohalarida ilmiy tadqiqotlarni rivojlantirishga qaratilgan muhim nashrlardan biri hisoblanadi. Google Scholar "Elita.uz" jurnali Google Scholar bazasida indekslanadi. Bu esa jurnalning ilmiy nufuzini oshirish va mualliflarning ilmiy ishlarini keng miqyosda targ'ib qilishga yordam beradi. Google Scholar orqali tadqiqotchilar va olimlar "Elita.uz" jurnalida chop etilgan maqolalarni qidirib topish va ularga havola berish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lishadi.
publisher: Elita.uz
language: uz-UZ
publication name: Elita.uz - Elektron Ilmiy Jurnal
items: „Bugun yig‘ib, keyin shifrlarni ochib“ (HNDL) xalqaro javobgarlik huquqiga kvant davrda xalqaro huquqning javobgarligi uchun qanday zarba beradi
items: AI, PIRACY, AND THE DEATH OF OWNERSHIP
items: RAQAMLI HUQUQ SHAKLLANISH JARAYONIDA AXBOROT OLISH VA TARQATISHNING KONSTITUTSIYAVIY-HUQUQIY ASOSLARI
items: A "SEATLESS" ARBITRATION? RECONCILING DECENTRALIZED JUSTICE WITH THE LEX LOCI ARBITRI DOCTRINE
items: THE CHALLENGE OF 'HARVEST NOW, DECRYPT LATER' (HNDL) TO THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE QUANTUM ERA
items: QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES AND HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
items: ADAPTING INTERNATIONAL PROJECT FINANCE SECURITY MECHANISMS TO TRANSITIONAL CIVIL LAW JURISDICTIONS: SECURITY AGENTS, INTER-CREDITOR ARRANGEMENTS, AND ACCOUNT PLEDGES
items: Bridging International and Domestic Nuclear Safety: Addressing Regulatory Gaps in Transitioning Energy Economies
items: TA’LIM JARAYONIDA INTERAKTIV TA’LIMIY O‘YINLARDAN FOYDALANISHNING AHAMIYATI
items: ADAPTING LEGISLATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
items: MAHSULOT YETKAZIB BERISH SHARTNOMALARIDA MAJBURIYATNI BAJARMASLIK UCHUN JAVOBGARLIKNI CHEKLASH VA UNDAN OZOD BO‘LISH ASOSLARI: NAZARIY-HUQUQIY VA QIYOSIY TAHLIL
items: АНЪАНАВИЙ ИЖРОЧИЛИК КАФЕДРАСИ ТАЪЛИМ ЖАРАЁНИДА
items: Бастакорлик ижодига бугунги кун қарашлари
items: O‘ZBEK MILLIY CHOLG‘U AN’ANALARIDA TURG‘UN ALIMATOV
items: ISLOM TARAQQIYOT BANKINING TADBIRKORLIK SUBEKTLARINI KREDITLASH FAOLIYATIGA OID NORMATIV HUJJATLARNING RIVOJLANISH TENDENSIYALARI
items: MURABAHA - ISLOMIY MOLIYA SHARTNOMASI TURI SIFATIDA
items: ISLOM TARAQQIYOT BANKI TOMONIDAN TADBIRKORLIK SUBEKTLARINI KREDITLASH TURLARI
items: CROSS-BORDER COMPLIANCE: NAVIGATING HIPAA AND GDPR IN DIGITAL HEALTH PLATFORMS
items: KELAJAKNI TARTIBGA SOLISH: O‘ZBEKISTON YEVROPA ITTIFOQI VA AQSHNING YURIDIK SUN’IY INTELLEKTGA YONDASHUVLARIDAN QANDAY O‘RGANISHI MUMKIN?
items: SPORT TRANSFERLARINING XALQARO HUQUQIY BAZASI
items: SPORT SHARTNOMALARIDA NEUSTOYKA QO’LLASH ASOSLARI VA TARTIBI
items: DISKVALIFIKATSIYA QO’LLASH JARAYONI: TARTIB-TAOMILLAR VA ME’ZONLAR
items: SPORTCHILARNING NOTO’G’RI XULQI VA HOMIYLIK SHARTNOMALARIDAGI HUQUQIY XAVFLAR
items: INTERNET TARMOG’IDAGI HUQUQBUZARLIK TUSHUNCHASI VA UNING HUQUQIY TAHLILI
items: CHET DAVLAT SUDLARI HAMDA HAKAMLIK SUDLARI QARORLARINI TAN OLISH VA IJRO ETISHNING NAZARIY-HUQUQIY ASOSLARI
items: XALQARO MEDIATSIYA OID XALQARO SHARTNOMALAR HAMDA DAVLATLARARO TUZILGAN BOSHQA KELISHUVLAR
items: ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN MEDIATSIYA JARAYONLARIDA FOYDALANISHNING ISTIQBOLLARI
items: HAKAMLIK SUDI INSTITUTINING TARIXIY NEGIZI VA NAZARIY-HUQUQIY MOHIYATI
items: Bolalar psixologiyasi va boshlang‘ich ta’limda uning roli
items: Etikada ahloqiy kategoriyalarining tushunchalari

„Bugun yig‘ib, keyin shifrlarni ochib“ (HNDL) xalqaro javobgarlik huquqiga kvant davrda xalqaro huquqning javobgarligi uchun qanday zarba beradi
type: item
description: Kriptografik jihatdan muhim bo‘lgan kvant hisoblash mashinalarining paydo bo‘lishi xalqaro huquqning vaqt va moddiy me’yorlariga, xususan, „Bugun yig‘ib, keyin shifrlarni ochib“ (HNDL) deb ataladigan strategik amaliyot orqali katta zarba beradi. Ushbu maqola HNDLning kechikkan ta’sir tabiatiga mos keladigan ARSIWAning atributika va buzilish doktrinalarining mosligini o‘rganadi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Bugun yig‘ib
  topic: keywords
subject: keyin shifrlarni ochib
  topic: keywords
subject: HNDL
  topic: keywords
subject: Davlat javobgarligi
  topic: keywords
subject: Kvant hisoblash
  topic: keywords
subject: ARSIWA
  topic: keywords
subject: Loyiha intizomi
  topic: keywords
subject: Kripto-agility
  topic: keywords
subject: Xalqaro huquq
  topic: keywords
subject: Kiber atributika
  topic: keywords
subject: Xalqaro huquq
  topic: subjects
subject: Kvant hisoblash
  topic: subjects
subject: Davlat javobgarligi
  topic: subjects
subject: Huquq
  topic: disciplines
subject: Kompyuter fanlari
  topic: disciplines
creator: Islombek Abduhakimov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025 Elita.uz - Elektron Ilmiy Jurnal
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

AI, PIRACY, AND THE DEATH OF OWNERSHIP
type: item
description: The rise of artificial intelligence is forcing a reckoning with the very foundations of intellectual property law. For centuries, copyright and patent regimes have relied on the premise of scarcity: that works are original, finite, and owned by identifiable creators. Yet AI systems undermine these assumptions by generating infinite outputs at negligible cost, blurring authorship, and accelerating global access to culture. This article situates the debate historically, showing how piracy—from 19th-century American publishers pirating Dickens to cassette tape sharing in the 1980s—has often been a driver of cultural dissemination rather than mere criminality. Today, in places like Uzbekistan, the reliance on “pirated” knowledge is not deviance but necessity, enabling students, entrepreneurs, and creators to participate in global knowledge economies. By analyzing contemporary legal disputes around AI training data, the EU AI Act, and U.S. copyright litigation, the paper argues that ownership is being outpaced by technological reality. Three futures are explored: subscription-based access models, reputation economies built on trust and attention, and open-source commons as global infrastructure. Ultimately, the Global South may transition into this post-ownership world more rapidly than the West, where legal and corporate systems remain anchored to outdated notions of exclusivity
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence (AI); Copyright; Piracy; Intellectual Property; Digital Law; Global South; Uzbekistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Odilbek Iriskulov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26

RAQAMLI HUQUQ SHAKLLANISH JARAYONIDA AXBOROT OLISH VA TARQATISHNING KONSTITUTSIYAVIY-HUQUQIY ASOSLARI
type: item
description: Mazkur maqolada raqamli transformatsiya sharoitida axborot olish va tarqatish huquqining konstitutsiyaviy-huquqiy asoslari kompleks tahlil qilinadi. Muallif ushbu huquqning doktrinal mazmunini ochib berib, uning asosiy tarkibiy elementlari — axborotni izlash, olish va erkin tarqatish komponentlari o‘zaro uzviy bog‘liqlikda yoritadi. Raqamli muhitda axborot munosabatlarining markazlashgan modeldan tarmoqlashgan modelga o‘tishi, platformalar va sun’iy intellekt algoritmlarining axborot oqimiga ta’siri natijasida yuzaga kelayotgan yangi konstitutsiyaviy-huquqiy muammolar tahlil etiladi
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Raqamli huquq, axborot erkinligi, konstitutsiyaviy muvozanat, algoritmik boshqaruv, blogerlik instituti.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sherzod Polotov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26

A "SEATLESS" ARBITRATION? RECONCILING DECENTRALIZED JUSTICE WITH THE LEX LOCI ARBITRI DOCTRINE
type: item
description: The concept of the lex loci arbitri, which tethers international arbitration to the legal framework of a specific physical jurisdiction, faces an existential challenge from the rise of decentralized and delocalized disputes. As human activity expands into "seatless" domains such as cyberspace and outer space, traditional mechanisms for dispute resolution are proving inadequate for addressing conflicts over intangible assets and cross-border digital infrastructures. This article explores the friction between the territorial nature of the lex loci arbitri and the emerging demand for "seatless" or decentralized justice systems. Drawing on recent scholarship regarding space law, cyber sovereignty, and state responsibility, this study analyzes the legal vacuum currently surrounding mission-critical disputes in non-territorial environments. The research identifies that the rigidity of current investment treaties and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) frameworks leaves significant gaps in legal protection for intangible assets, such as orbital slots and digital data. The article concludes that reconciling these paradigms requires a doctrinal overhaul, moving towards consortium-based consent mechanisms and a functional, rather than territorial, approach to jurisdiction, effectively creating a lex mercatoria for the post-territorial age.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Seatless Arbitration, Lex Loci Arbitri, Decentralized Justice, Space Law, ICSID, State Responsibility, Cyber Sovereignty, Intangible Assets
  topic: keywords
creator: Begaim Kaibyldaeva
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-20
publication date: 2026-01-20
starting page: 13
ending page: 23

THE CHALLENGE OF 'HARVEST NOW, DECRYPT LATER' (HNDL) TO THE INTERNATIONAL LAW OF STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN THE QUANTUM ERA
type: item
description: The emergence of Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Computers (CRQCs) presents a profound challenge to the temporal and material thresholds of international law, specifically through the strategic practice known as "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later" (HNDL). This adversarial model, wherein state and non-state actors exfiltrate encrypted data with the intent of decrypting it once quantum capabilities mature, creates a legal grey zone that defies the traditional application of the International Law Commission’s Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (ARSIWA). This article investigates the compatibility of ARSIWA’s doctrines of attribution and breach with the delayed-impact nature of HNDL. Through a doctrinal legal analysis of recent scholarship and technical forecasts regarding Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), this study identifies a critical "attributional twilight" and a disconnect between the moment of data interception and the realization of injury. The results indicate that current legal frameworks treat HNDL largely as espionage—a practice often tolerated in international relations—thereby failing to account for the catastrophic, long-tail damage of retrospective decryption. The article concludes that the principle of due diligence must be radically reinterpreted to include a "crypto-agility mandate," obligating states to preemptively transition critical infrastructure to quantum-safe standards to fulfill their international responsibilities.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Harvest Now Decrypt Later, HNDL, State Responsibility, Quantum Computing, ARSIWA, Due Diligence, Crypto-Agility, International Law, Cyber Attribution.
  topic: keywords
creator: Islombek Abdikhakimov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2026
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES AND HUMAN RIGHTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
type: item
description: Quantum technologies, including computing, sensing, and communications, promise transformative advances in fields such as medicine, cryptography, and materials science, yet they also pose profound challenges to human rights under international law. The capacity of quantum computers to break widely used public-key encryption threatens the right to privacy and data protection, enabling mass surveillance and chilling effects on freedom of expression, while enhanced quantum sensing amplifies state and non-state surveillance capabilities. Conversely, these technologies can support the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress by accelerating research and innovation, provided equitable access is ensured to avoid exacerbating global inequalities. As of November 2025, international human rights law—primarily through instruments like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)—provides a framework for addressing these dualities, imposing obligations on states to protect rights from third-party interference and to foster scientific freedom responsibly. However, governance remains fragmented, with no dedicated treaties and reliance on soft-law initiatives from UNESCO, the UN, and OECD. This article analyzes key human rights implications, current legal gaps, and pathways toward rights-compatible governance, arguing for proactive multilateral norms to ensure quantum advances uphold dignity, privacy, and equity
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: quantum technologies, human rights, international law, right to privacy, freedom of expression, right to science, encryption, surveillance, digital divide, governance frameworks
  topic: keywords
creator: Islombek Abdikhakimov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-05-13
publication date: 2025-05-13
starting page: 590
ending page: 597

ADAPTING INTERNATIONAL PROJECT FINANCE SECURITY MECHANISMS TO TRANSITIONAL CIVIL LAW JURISDICTIONS: SECURITY AGENTS, INTER-CREDITOR ARRANGEMENTS, AND ACCOUNT PLEDGES
type: item
description: Project finance involves complex security mechanisms that must be adapted to the legal frameworks of transitional civil law jurisdictions, where investor protections are often weaker and enforcement mechanisms differ from common law systems. This article examines the adaptation of key elements—security agents, inter-creditor arrangements, and account pledges—drawing on a literature review of scholarly and practitioner sources. Findings highlight the use of security agents for efficient collateral management, inter-creditor agreements to prioritize claims, and account pledges as flexible security tools, while identifying challenges like registration requirements and limited trust concepts. The discussion addresses implications for enhancing project viability in transitional contexts, emphasizing the need for harmonized legal reforms.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: project finance, civil law jurisdictions, transitional economies, security agents, inter-creditor arrangements, account pledges, secured transactions, lender protections
  topic: keywords
creator: Sanjar Ubaydullayev
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-11
publication date: 2025-07-11

Bridging International and Domestic Nuclear Safety: Addressing Regulatory Gaps in Transitioning Energy Economies
type: item
description: Nuclear energy plays a pivotal role in the global shift toward low-carbon economies, particularly in transitioning energy economies where rapid industrialization demands reliable power sources. However, significant regulatory gaps exist between international safety standards, primarily set by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), and their domestic implementation in developing countries. This article reviews these gaps using the IMRAD structure, drawing from authentic sources including IAEA reports and academic studies. Key findings highlight challenges in infrastructure, expertise, and harmonization, with strategies for bridging them through international cooperation and capacity-building. Recommendations emphasize enhanced IAEA assistance and policy reforms to ensure safe nuclear deployment.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: nuclear safety, regulatory gaps, transitioning energy economies, IAEA standards, international harmonization, developing countries, clean energy transition
  topic: keywords
creator: Bekzod Artikov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-03
publication date: 2025-11-03

TA’LIM JARAYONIDA INTERAKTIV TA’LIMIY O‘YINLARDAN FOYDALANISHNING AHAMIYATI
type: item
description: Mazkur maqolada interaktiv ta’limiy o‘yinlardan foydalanishning ahamiyati, afzalliklari haqida fikr mulohaza yuritilgan. Ta’lim jarayonida ta’limiy o‘yinlardan foydalanishning bugungi kundagi ta’lim sifati samaradorligini oshirishga qo‘shadigan hissasi va bu orqali o‘quvchilarda bir qator ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish haqida fikr-mulohaza yuritilgan.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: ta’limiy o‘yinlar, zamonaviy ta’lim, metod
  topic: keywords
creator: I.Mamadjanov
creator: I.Mamadjanova
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 424
ending page: 426

ADAPTING LEGISLATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
type: item
description: Climate change adaptation has emerged as an essential component of contemporary environmental governance. However, existing legal frameworks remain inadequately equipped to address the urgency and magnitude of the challenge. This study employs systematic legal analysis to examine adaptation legislation at international and national levels, drawing on primary legal instruments such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement, as well as national legislation and policy documents. The findings reveal three primary deficiencies: normative gaps (absence of binding standards and measurable targets), institutional weaknesses (fragmented governance structures), and implementation failures (insufficient financing and weak enforcement). Although the Paris Agreement represents progress through its global adaptation goal, international law remains largely declaratory. At the national level, adaptation legislation lacks comprehensive frameworks, institutional coherence, and dedicated financing mechanisms. Effective adaptation law is critical to advancing climate justice, safeguarding human rights, and ensuring sustainable development in the face of intensifying climate risks.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: climate change adaptation, environmental law, climate governance, Paris Agreement, legal frameworks, climate justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarvarbek Abdullajonov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26
starting page: 34
ending page: 41

MAHSULOT YETKAZIB BERISH SHARTNOMALARIDA MAJBURIYATNI BAJARMASLIK UCHUN JAVOBGARLIKNI CHEKLASH VA UNDAN OZOD BO‘LISH ASOSLARI: NAZARIY-HUQUQIY VA QIYOSIY TAHLIL
type: item
description: Ushbu maqola bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitida xo‘jalik yurituvchi subyektlar o‘rtasidagi eng muhim huquqiy vositalardan biri bo‘lgan mahsulot yetkazib berish shartnomalarida majburiyatlarni bajarmaslik uchun javobgarlik masalalariga bag‘ishlangan. Unda javobgarlikni cheklash va javobgarlikdan ozod bo‘lishning nazariy-huquqiy asoslari O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Fuqarolik kodeksi normalari, sud amaliyoti va xalqaro huquqiy hujjatlar (xususan, BMTning Vena Konvensiyasi va UNIDROIT Prinsiplari) bilan qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada fors-major, shartnomaviy cheklovlar, neustoykaning zararlar bilan nisbati va kreditorning aybi kabi institutlarning amaliy ahamiyati ochib berilgan.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: mahsulot yetkazib berish shartnomasi, majburiyatni bajarmaslik, fuqarolik-huquqiy javobgarlik, javobgarlikni cheklash, javobgarlikdan ozod qilish, fors-major, yengib bo‘lmas kuch, neustoyka, zararni qoplash, Vena Konvensiyasi (CISG), UNIDROIT Prinsiplari.
creator: Oysha Axunova
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-26
publication date: 2025-10-26

АНЪАНАВИЙ ИЖРОЧИЛИК КАФЕДРАСИ ТАЪЛИМ ЖАРАЁНИДА
type: item
description: Ушбу мақола Ўзбекистонда "Анъанавий ижрочилик" кафедрасининг ташкил топиши, ривожланиши ва унинг ўзбек мусиқа санъати, хусусан, мақом, катта ашула, халқ ва бастакорлар ижодига қўшган ҳиссасини ёритади. Асарда Шарқ халқлари мусиқий мероси, қадимий рисолалар, мусиқа маданиятининг илмий-ўқув тизимига татбиқ этилиши, устоз-шогирд анъаналари, мақомчилик санъати ва ўқув-услубий жараёнлар билан боғлиқ жараёнлар атрофлича таҳлил этилган. Кафедранинг 50 йиллик фаолияти давомида етишиб чиққан мутахассислар, халқаро танловлар, илмий анжуманлар ва ижодий фаолиятлар мисолида унинг бугунги таълим тизимидаги ўрни намоён қилинган.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Анъанавий ижрочилик, мақом санъати, Шарқ мусиқаси
  topic: keywords
creator: Тожибоев Сардор
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 49
ending page: 62

Бастакорлик ижодига бугунги кун қарашлари
type: item
description: Ушбу мақолада ўзбек халқининг бой мусиқий мероси, айниқса бастакорлик ижодининг тарихий тараққиёти ва ҳозирги кундаги ривожланиш йўналишлари таҳлил қилинади. Бастакорлик санъати халқнинг маънавий дунёсини акс эттирувчи, миллий қадриятлар билан суғорилган муҳим маданий ҳодиса сифатида кўриб чиқилади. Шу билан бирга, тарихий бастакорлар – Борбад, Юнус Ражабий, Ф.Содиқов, М.Муртазоев, Ф.Мамадалиев каби ижодкорларнинг ҳиссаси ҳамда уларнинг ижодий мероси атрофлича ёритилади. Мақолада бастакорлик санъатининг ҳозирги кундаги аҳамияти, ёш авлодга таъсири ва мусиқа таълимида тутган ўрни ҳам муҳим ўрин эгаллайди.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: бастакорлик, ўзбек мусиқаси, мумтоз мусиқа
  topic: keywords
creator: Тожибоев Сардор
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 206
ending page: 217

O‘ZBEK MILLIY CHOLG‘U AN’ANALARIDA TURG‘UN ALIMATOV
type: item
description: Ushbu maqolada O‘zbek milliy cholg‘u an’analari tarixida alohida o‘rin tutgan atoqli san’atkor Turg‘un Alimatovning hayoti, ijodi va milliy musiqa rivojiga qo‘shgan ulkan hissasi tahlil qilinadi. Turg‘un Alimatov XX asrda o‘zbek musiqa madaniyatining eng yirik namoyandalaridan biri bo‘lib, uning dutor, tanbur, sato kabi milliy cholg‘ularni ijro etishdagi noyob uslubi, maqom san’atini ommalashtirish borasidagi xizmatlari, yosh avlodga o‘rnak bo‘la olgan mahorati maqola markazida yoritiladi. Shuningdek, uning ijodiy faoliyati orqali O‘zbekistonda milliy cholg‘u san’atining davrlar osha qanday rivojlangani, an’analar va zamonaviylik uyg‘unligining qanday mujassam topgani tahlil qilinadi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Turg‘un Alimatov
  topic: keywords
creator: Tojiboev Sardor
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
starting page: 4
ending page: 19

ISLOM TARAQQIYOT BANKINING TADBIRKORLIK SUBEKTLARINI KREDITLASH FAOLIYATIGA OID NORMATIV HUJJATLARNING RIVOJLANISH TENDENSIYALARI
type: item
description: Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi va Islom taraqqiyot banki (ITB) guruhi o‘rtasidagi hamkorlikning shakllanishi va rivojlanishi, a’zolikning huquqiy asoslari, amalga oshirilgan loyihalar hamda islomiy moliyalashtirish mexanizmlarining tatbiqi tahlil etiladi. O‘zbekiston mustaqilligining dastlabki yillaridan boshlab ITB bilan boshlangan hamkorlik bugungi kunda infratuzilma, sog‘liqni saqlash, ta’lim va tadbirkorlik sohalarini qamrab olgan keng qamrovli investitsiyaviy dasturlar orqali davom etmoqda. Shuningdek, maqolada O‘zbekiston qonunchiligida islomiy moliyalashtirish me’yorlariga moslashuv darajasi tanqidiy tahlil qilinadi hamda mavjud muammolarni bartaraf etish uchun bank, soliq va moliya tizimlarida zarur bo‘lgan islohotlarga e’tibor qaratiladi. Islomiy moliyalashtirish vositalarining rivojlanib borayotganini hisobga olgan holda, ularni milliy huquqiy baza bilan uyg‘unlashtirish bugungi kun talabi ekani ta’kidlanadi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Islom taraqqiyot banki, O‘zbekiston, islomiy moliyalashtirish, murobaha, ijara, istisno’, xususiy sektor, investitsiya loyihalari, moliyaviy islohot, xalqaro moliya institutlari, islomiy moliyaviy mahsulotlar.
creator: Otabek Mutalov
creator: Gulbahor Nishanova
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-11
publication date: 2025-07-11

MURABAHA - ISLOMIY MOLIYA SHARTNOMASI TURI SIFATIDA
type: item
description: Mazkur maqolada islomiy moliya tizimining muhim vositalaridan biri — Murabaha shartnomasi haqida so‘z yuritiladi. Murabaha bu savdo asosida tuziladigan shartnoma bo‘lib, unda bank yoki moliyaviy institut mijoz istagidagi tovarni xarid qilib, unga o‘z xarajatlari ustiga kelishilgan foyda qo‘shgan holda sotadi. Maqolada ushbu moliyalashtirish shaklining ish tartibi, ribodan farqi, amaliy qo‘llanish holatlari va afzalliklari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, misollar orqali murabahaning qanday ishlashi yoritilib, uning shariatga muvofiqligi asoslanadi. Mazkur maqola islomiy moliyaga qiziqqanlar, iqtisodchi talabalar hamda amaliyotchi mutaxassislar uchun foydali manba bo‘lib xizmat qiladi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Murabaha, Islomiy moliya, foizsiz moliyalashtirish, shariatga muvofiq moliya, savdo shartnomasi, ribo, islomiy bank, halol daromad, tovar moliyalashtirish, muddatli to‘lov, moliyaviy vosita.
  topic: keywords
creator: Otabek Mutalov
creator: Gulbahor Nishanova
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-11
publication date: 2025-07-11

ISLOM TARAQQIYOT BANKI TOMONIDAN TADBIRKORLIK SUBEKTLARINI KREDITLASH TURLARI
type: item
description: Mazkur maqolada Islomiy taraqqiyot banki tomonidan tadbirkorlik subyektlarini moliyalashtirishda qo‘llaniladigan kredit shartnomalarining turlari, ularning tasnifi va mohiyati yoritilgan. Mualliflar Greys, Iqbol, Sudin Xorun, Ibrohim Varde, R.I. Bekkin, Vohidov va Erlan Baydaulet kabi olimlar tomonidan taklif qilingan shartnoma turlari bo‘yicha tasniflarni solishtirgan holda tahlil qiladi. Asosiy e’tibor investitsion va savdo-sotiqqa asoslangan moliyalashtirish shakllariga qaratilgan. Muzoraba va mushoraka shartnomalari orqali sherikchilik asosida moliyalashtirishning huquqiy va iqtisodiy xususiyatlari ochib berilgan. Shuningdek, murobaha, ijara, istisno’ va salam kabi shartnomalar orqali savdoni moliyalashtirish mexanizmi ham o’rganilgan. Maqolada ITB tomonidan aynan qaysi shartnoma turlari O‘zbekistonda qo‘llanilayotgani ko‘rsatilgan.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: islomiy moliyalashtirish, kredit shartnomalari, muzoraba, mushoraka, murobaha, ijara, investitsion moliyalashtirish, islomiy banklar, foyda va zarar taqsimoti, islomiy shartnomalar tasnifi
  topic: keywords
creator: Otabek Mutalov
creator: Gulbahor Nishanova
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-07-11
publication date: 2025-07-11

CROSS-BORDER COMPLIANCE: NAVIGATING HIPAA AND GDPR IN DIGITAL HEALTH PLATFORMS
type: item
description: This dissertation investigates the complex challenges digital health platforms face in achieving cross-border compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative case studies, expert interviews, and quantitative compliance metrics analysis, the study identifies significant hurdles stemming from divergent consent requirements, data access protocols, and audit obligations. These differences often result in increased operational costs and legal risks for platforms operating internationally. The findings emphasize the need for harmonized regulatory frameworks to balance patient privacy with innovation in digital health services. By highlighting practical compliance strategies and the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration, this research offers actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. It contributes to the discourse on global data protection, advocating for adaptive compliance models to support secure and efficient digital health solutions across jurisdictions.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Digital health, HIPAA, GDPR, cross-border compliance, data protection, patient privacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Feruz Madaminov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

KELAJAKNI TARTIBGA SOLISH: O‘ZBEKISTON YEVROPA ITTIFOQI VA AQSHNING YURIDIK SUN’IY INTELLEKTGA YONDASHUVLARIDAN QANDAY O‘RGANISHI MUMKIN?
type: item
description: Sun’iy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalarining yuridik sohalarga kirib kelishi bilan birga, tarafkashlik, shaffoflik yetishmasligi va shaxsiy ma’lumotlar xavfsizligi kabi muammolar yuzaga chiqmoqda. Yevropa Ittifoqi (YI) ushbu muammolarga qarshi qat’iy regulyatsiyalarni joriy etgan bo‘lsa, AQShda bu borada bozorni rag‘batlantirishga asoslangan yondashuv kuzatilmoqda. Ushbu maqolada YI va AQShning yondashuvlari tahlil qilinib, O‘zbekiston uchun eng maqbul strategiya taklif etiladi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: sun’iy intellekt, yuridik tizim, tarafkashlik, shaffoflik, shaxsiy ma’lumotlar xavfsizligi, regulyatsiya
  topic: keywords
creator: Fazliddin Nasiridinov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

SPORT TRANSFERLARINING XALQARO HUQUQIY BAZASI
type: item
description: Ushbu maqolada sportchilarning xalqaro transferlaridagi huquqiy asoslar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, futbolchilar transferi doirasida FIFA va UEFA tomonidan belgilangan tartiblar, transfer oynalari, uchinchi tomon egaligi (TPO), agentlik faoliyati, hamda voyaga yetmagan futbolchilarning xalqaro transferlaridagi huquqiy cheklovlar chuqur o‘rganiladi. Transferlar jarayonida yuzaga keladigan huquqiy nizolar, ular bo‘yicha CAS (Sport arbitraj sudi) qarorlari, hamda xalqaro mehnat huquqi doirasida sportchilarning erkin harakati kabi masalalar tahlil etiladi. Shu bilan birga, maqolada milliy qonunchilik va xalqaro normalar o‘rtasidagi ziddiyatlar va ularning yechimlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijasida xalqaro transfer tizimini huquqiy jihatdan takomillashtirish bo‘yicha amaliy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: sport transferi, xalqaro huquq, futbol qoidalari, FIFA, UEFA, CAS, sportchilar erkin harakati, transfer nizolari, agentlar, solidar to‘lov, uchinchi tomon egaligi (TPO), yosh futbolchilar, mehnat shartnomasi.
creator: Dilshod Norqobilov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

SPORT SHARTNOMALARIDA NEUSTOYKA QO’LLASH ASOSLARI VA TARTIBI
type: item
description: Mazkur ilmiy maqolada professional sport shartnomalarida neustoyka (oldindan belgilangan moliyaviy kompensatsiya) institutining huquqiy tabiati, milliy va xalqaro huquq normalari doirasida qo‘llanilish mexanizmlari va amaliy ahamiyati chuqur tahlil etiladi. Maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Fuqarolik kodeksi, “Jismoniy tarbiya va sport to‘g‘risida”gi Qonuni, FIFA RSTP 17-moddasi, UEFA, AFC reglamentlari hamda CAS (Sport arbitraj sudi)ning yurisprudensiyasi asosida neustoykaning shartnomaviy barqarorlik va sport etikasi tamoyillarini ta'minlashdagi o‘rni yoritiladi. Milliy qonunchilik va xalqaro standartlar uyg‘unligi asosida sport shartnomalarida neustoyka institutining yanada takomillashtirilishi bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqiladi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: sport huquqi, neustoyka, shartnomaviy barqarorlik, sport etikasi, javobgarlik, kompensatsiya, CAS, FIFA, doping, arbitraj.
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurmuhammad Bolliyev
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

DISKVALIFIKATSIYA QO’LLASH JARAYONI: TARTIB-TAOMILLAR VA ME’ZONLAR
type: item
description: Mazkur maqolada sportda, xususan, antidoping qoidabuzarliklari holatlarida sportchiga nisbatan diskvalifikatsiya choralarini qo‘llash tartibi, huquqiy asoslari va belgilovchi mezonlar chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda Jahon antidoping kodeksining 2, 3, 5, 6 va 7-moddalari hamda Xalqaro natijalarni boshqarish standarti (International Standard for Results Management)ning 5-moddasi asosida doping sinovlari o‘tkazish, dalillarni yig‘ish, ularni tahlil qilish, natijalarni sportchiga yetkazish va ushbu protsessual bosqichlarda sportchining huquqlarini ta'minlash mexanizmlari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, sportchining aybini isbotlashda qo‘llanila-digan dalil va mezonlar, tinglov jarayonida ishtirok etish huquqi va unga nisbatan protsessual kafolatlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada antidoping organlari, sport federatsiyalari va mustaqil laboratoriyalar o‘rtasidagi hamkorlik, hamda Sport arbitraj sudi amaliyoti doirasida shakllangan normalar asosida diskvalifikatsiyani qo‘llashning xalqaro tajribasi tahlil qilinadi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: doping, diskvalifikatsiya, WADA Kodeksi, antidoping qoidabuzarligi, doping test, isbotlash majburiyati, sportchi huquqlari, natijalarni boshqarish, apellyatsiya, CAS amaliyoti, sport huquqi, xalqaro standartlar
creator: Abdumutal Bozorboyev
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

SPORTCHILARNING NOTO’G’RI XULQI VA HOMIYLIK SHARTNOMALARIDAGI HUQUQIY XAVFLAR
type: item
description: So‘nggi yillarda sport sohasi nafaqat jismoniy faoliyat va musobaqalar bilan, balki murakkab iqtisodiy, huquqiy va axloqiy munosabatlar bilan ham chambarchas bog‘liq bo‘lib bormoqda. Ayniqsa, professional sportchilarning homiylik shartnomalari orqali kompaniyalar bilan tuzgan tijorat aloqalari sport marketingining ajralmas qismiga aylangan. Biroq, sportchilarning shaxsiy xulq-atvori va jamoat oldidagi obro‘si ushbu shartnomalarning barqarorligi va amal qilish muddati uchun muhim omil hisoblanadi. Sportchining ommaviy axborot vositalarida, ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda yoki real hayotdagi noto‘g‘ri xulqi (masalan, jinoyatga aloqadorlik, axloqiy qoidalarni buzish, kamsituvchi bayonotlar) homiylik shartnomalarini bekor qilish yoki ularni qayta ko‘rib chiqishga olib kelishi mumkin. Bu esa kompaniya obro‘siga putur yetkazishi xavfi mavjud bo‘lgan holatlarda, axloqiy bandlar orqali homiylar o‘z manfaatlarini himoya qilishga harakat qiladilar.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: sportchi xulqi, homiylik shartnomasi, axloqiy bandlar, huquqiy xavf, sport marketingi, shartnoma shartlari, imij va obro‘, shartnoma bekor qilinishi, xalqaro sport huquqi, axloqiy buzilishlar
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibrohimjon Nabijonov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

INTERNET TARMOG’IDAGI HUQUQBUZARLIK TUSHUNCHASI VA UNING HUQUQIY TAHLILI
type: item
description: Mazkur maqolada internet tarmog‘ida sodir etilayotgan huquqbuzarliklarning zamonaviy jamiyatdagi o‘rni, ularning huquqiy mohiyati va sodir etilish uslublari chuqur yoritilgan. Axborot texnologiyalarining taraqqiyoti bilan bog‘liq yangi jinoyat turlari, ular yuzasidan mavjud huquqiy tartibga solish mexanizmlari, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchiligida belgilangan normalar va xalqaro amaliyotlar bilan uyg‘unlikda ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, internet jinoyatlari xususiyatlarini huquqiy jihatdan baholashda texnik va yuridik yondashuvlar integratsiyasi muhimligi, fuqarolarning shaxsiy ma’lumotlarini himoya qilish, axborot erkinligini ta’minlash va inson huquqlarini saqlash o‘rtasidagi muvozanat muammosi asosli ravishda tahlil etilgan. Maqolada amaliy va nazariy jihatlar uyg‘unlashtirilib, huquqbuzarliklarga qarshi kurashish bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari surilgan.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: internet tarmog‘i, huquqbuzarlik, raqamli jamiyat, kiberjinoyat, axborot xavfsizligi, shaxsiy ma’lumotlar, mualliflik huquqi, firibgarlik, axborot erkinligi, huquqiy muvozanat, kiberbulling, fuqarolik jamiyati, huquqiy himoya, jinoyatning aniqlanishi.
creator: Bonuxon Usmonova
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

CHET DAVLAT SUDLARI HAMDA HAKAMLIK SUDLARI QARORLARINI TAN OLISH VA IJRO ETISHNING NAZARIY-HUQUQIY ASOSLARI
type: item
description: Mazkur maqolada xalqaro tijorat arbitrajining kelib chiqish tarixi, qo‘llanilishi, chet davlat sudlari va xalqaro hakamlik sudlari (arbitraj) tomonidan chiqarilgan qarorlarni tan olish va ijro etishning nazariy-huquqiy asoslari O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchiligi asosida tahlil etiladi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: sud, arbitraj sud, Nyu-York Konvensiyasi, UNCITRAL, arbitraj sudining hal qiluv qarori, ijro varaqa.
  topic: keywords
creator: Odina Turg’unova
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

XALQARO MEDIATSIYA OID XALQARO SHARTNOMALAR HAMDA DAVLATLARARO TUZILGAN BOSHQA KELISHUVLAR
type: item
description: Mediatsiyaning rivojlanishi uchun eng muhim qadamlardan birin bo’lgan Yevropa Ittifoqining Mediatsiya direktivasi, BMT ning Mediatsiya bo’yicha Singapur Konvensiyasi hamda Namunaviy qonunining qabul qilinishi xalqaro mediatsiya amaliyotini xalqaro arbitraj bilan teng darajaga ko’tardi. Ya’ni, konvensiyaga a’zo davlatlarning hududida xalqaro mediativ kelishuvlarni majburiy ijroga qaratish mexanizmi yo’lga qo’yildi. Bu esa, xalqaro savdo munosabatlarining yanada rivojlanishi hamda mustahkamlanishi uchun ko’plab sharoitlar yaratadi. Shuningdek, xalqaro mediatsiyaga oid xalqaro shartnomalar va xalqaro huquqning boshqa normalari sababli mediatsiya taraflarining mediatsiyaga bo’lgan ishonchlari ortib, ularning ortiqcha vaqt hamda xarajatlari tejaladi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: mediatsiya, BMT, Singapur konvensiyasi, UNCITRAL, xalqaro mediatsiya, Mediatsiya direktivasi, erkin iqtisodiy shartnoma.
  topic: keywords
creator: Xonzodabegim Axrorova
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN MEDIATSIYA JARAYONLARIDA FOYDALANISHNING ISTIQBOLLARI
type: item
description: Zamonaviy texnologiyalarning mediatsiya jarayonlarida qo‘llanilishi so‘nggi yillarda dolzarb mavzuga aylangan. Ushbu tendensiya mediatsiya jarayonlarini yanada samarali, shaffof va tezkor qilishga yordam beradi. Mazkur maqola mediatsiyada zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanishning asosiy yo‘nalishlari, afzalliklari va dolzarb muammolarini tahlil qiladi. Xususan, onlayn platformalar, sun’iy intellektni mediatsiya amaliyotidagi ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqiladi. Shuningdek, xalqaro tajribalar asosida ushbu yo‘nalishning rivojlanish istiqbollari va O‘zbekiston sharoitida qo‘llash imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada mediatsiya jarayonlarini yanada takomillashtirish uchun zamonaviy texnologiyalar-ni joriy etish bo‘yicha taklif va tavsiyalar beriladi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: mediatsiya, muzokara, zamonaviy texnologiyalar, onlayn platformalar, sun’iy intellekt, huquqiy innovatsiyalar.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jasurbek Yoqubov
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

HAKAMLIK SUDI INSTITUTINING TARIXIY NEGIZI VA NAZARIY-HUQUQIY MOHIYATI
type: item
description: Mamlakatimizda fuqarolik jamiyatini mustahkamlash hamda demokratik islohotlarni yanada chuqurlashtirish sharoitida hakamlik sudlari institutini keng rivojlantirish zaruratga aylanmoqda. Ushbu maqola O‘zbekiston Respublikasida hakamlik sudi institutining tarixiy negizi, vujudga kelish shart-sharoitlari, bu borada olimlar tomonidan ilgari surilgan nazariy tushuncha va tamoyillar hamda hozirgi kundagi huquqiy holati haqidagi ma’lumotlar hamda hakamlik instituti faoliyatiga daxldor taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqishga qaratilgan. Tadqiqot davomida hakamlik sudlarining asosiy funksiyalari, ularni rivojlantirishda qo‘llaniladigan metod va mexanizmlar hamda davlat tomonidan ko‘rilayotgan tashkiliy-huquqiy chora-tadbirlar atroflicha tahlil qilinadi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: hakamlik sudi, tarixiy negiz, nizolarni hal etish, vakolatli sud, nazariy, huquqiy, qonun, kodeks.
  topic: keywords
creator: Akrombek Mamadaliyev
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24

Bolalar psixologiyasi va boshlang‘ich ta’limda uning roli
type: item
description: Ushbu maqolada bolalar psixologiyasining boshlang‘ich ta’limdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Psixologik yondashuvlarning o‘quvchilarning bilish jarayonlari, hissiy holati va shaxsiy rivojlanishiga ta’siri o‘rganiladi. Muallif boshlang‘ich maktab yoshidagi bolalarning psixologik xususiyatlarini tahlil qiladi va o‘qituvchilarning pedagogik faoliyatida psixologik bilimlar asosida yondashuvning zarurligini asoslaydi. Tadqiqotda nazariy tahlil va pedagogik tajribalardan foydalanilgan. Maqola boshlang‘ich ta’lim sifatini oshirishda psixologiyaning integrativ rolini ko‘rsatib beradi va amaliy tavsiyalar beradi.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Bolalar psixologiyasi, boshlang‘ich ta’lim, psixologik
  topic: keywords
creator: Xasanova Asila
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-01
publication date: 2025-06-01
starting page: 13
ending page: 21

Etikada ahloqiy kategoriyalarining tushunchalari
type: item
description: Ushbu maqolada etika fanida ahloqiy kategoriyalarning tushunchalari, shakllanishi, darslarda o`zlashtirilishi, qaysi fanlarda qo`llanilishi, kishilar xatti- xarakatlari, hulq-atvorlarini jamiyat talablari nuqtai-nazaridan ma’qullash yoki qoralash haqida ma`lumotlar berilgan.
subject: Maqolalar
  topic: section
subject: Yaxshilik, yomonlik, vijdon, burch, adolat
  topic: keywords
creator: Raximova Dildora
rights: Mualliflik huquqi (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-01
publication date: 2025-06-01
starting page: 4
ending page: 13